Compare and contrast the state-building strategies Essay Example

Compare and contrast the state-building strategies Essay Brief 123345 Compare and contrast the state-building schemes of autocratic provinces and that of rentier monarchies in the Middle East and North Africa. Which type of province is more stable? Use a instance survey for each type of province to exemplify your statement The followers will compare and contrast the province edifice schemes of the autocratic provinces and so rentier monarchies in the Middle East and North Africa. After the two types of governments have been compared and contrasted, decisions and observations as to which type has the best province edifice schemes and therefore offers the highest degrees of stableness will be outlined. The autocratic provinces of the rentier monarchies of the Middle East and North Africa have common factors in their histories, societies and economic systems and spiritual beliefs. On the other manus, there are factors that have contributed to the differences between the autocratic provinces and rentier monarchies being greater than merely being down to them holding different province edifice schemes. Whilst some of the provinces in the Middle East and North Africa have a long history other provinces are more recent creative activities. As will be outlined below province edifice schemes were needed through out the Middle East and North Africa as a effect of the prostration of the Ottoman Empire and de-colonisation by the European powers, particularly Britain and France. As a point of mention province edifice can be seen as the effort to obtain a permanent population, a defined district and a authorities capable of keeping effectual control over its district and of carry oning international dealingss with other states’ ( Evans A ; Newnham, 1998, p.512 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the state-building strategies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the state-building strategies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the state-building strategies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Middle East and North Africa have factors that have had a strong influence on province edifice whether in autocratic provinces or rentier monarchies. The strongest links between all the provinces in the Middle East and North Africa with the exclusion of Israel, is Islam. The provinces in the Middle East and North Africa have found it hard to set up any signifier of authorities that has been to the full representative, to the full democratic and that has been able to happen an effectual balance between secular authorization and the Islamic communities within each province. The terminal of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent backdown of France and Britain from the part left behind provinces that were either ruled by dictators or one party regulation and the rentier monarchies. These provinces have the differentiation of being unrepresentative and autocratic ( Akbar, 2003, pp. xvi-xvii ) . The relationship between Iran and autocratic provinces or the rentier monarchies of the Midd le East and North Africa is non ever easy to specify and it either strengthens or destroys these governments. Islamic fundamentalist motions seeking to transform their states in to truly Islamic provinces can be found across the part endangering the stableness of what fundamentalists would see as illicit governments. The most successful fundamentalist group was that led by Ayatollah Khomeini who gained power in Iran after tumbling the rentier monarchy of the Shah ( Choueiri in Eatwell A ; Wright, 2003, pp.270-71 ) . As a whole the Islamic influence has been stronger in the Middle East than in North Africa, where provinces such as Egypt, Tunisia and Algeria have had to make up ones mind whether to put the greatest accent on being African or Islamic. The stableness of the provinces in the Middle East and North Africa have besides had to take into history patriotism, socialism and liberalism when organizing their province edifice schemes ( Deegan, 1996, p.21 ) . The state chosen as the instance survey for the ways that authoritarian provinces have a province edifice scheme in the Middle East and North Africa will be Iran, although prior to 1979 it would hold made a good instance survey for rentier monarchies. Iran has long history as a state and at assorted times has been a great power. As Persia, Iran took portion in major wars against the Greeks, the Romans, and the Byzantine Empire. Iran was one of the first topographic points to be conquered by Muslims in the 7Thursdaycentury and Islam has been a cardinal portion of the province since ( Lewis, 1995, p.36 ) . Iran became and remains the state with the largest Shia Muslim population, a fact that both the Shah and the radical government that overthrew him have emphasised ( Mansfield, 2003, p.15 ) . Persian Shah portraying themselves as the guardians of the Shia religion was non a creative activity of the 20Thursdaycentury Shah in the efforts at province edifice, although they did utilize it for that intent. The Safavid dynasty attempted to vie with the Sunni Ottoman Empire from the 16Thursdaycentury ( Lewis, 1995, p.114 ) . Persian independency was at times threatened by Britain and Russia, due to the British controlling India and the Russians spread outing their imperium. It was, nevertheless, the British that gave the Iranian’s greater prosperity by utilizing oil to power the Royal Navy’s ships merely before the First World War. British influence in Iran was strong plenty to coerce a alteration in the dynasty of the Shah. As British power declined the Persian government turned to the United States for arms engineering and aid with modernization, which the United States agreed to provide to procure oil supplies ( Aburish, 1997, p.79 ) . There had been much bitterness in Iran that the British made more money out of Persian oil than the Iranians did. The Iranians nationalised the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951 with the United States step ining to halt the British from taking military action. Once the United States pulled off the remotion of the Prime Minister Mossadeq, the Shah relied on his confederation with them to keep his clasp on power. As a province edifice scheme it finally failed ( Akbar, 2003, pp.244-45 ) . The Shah deluded himself that his government was popular, non gaining that the confederation with the United States and his efforts at modernization would finally take to his autumn from power ( Keay, 2003 p. 461 ) . As for the Americans they put Persian oil in front of the Persian people in their support for the Shah. That is the usual American attitude to the governments of the Middle East and North Africa, back up the pro-American regimes no affair how they run their states ( Painter, 1999 p. 80 ) . Ironically plenty, the autocratic province edifice scheme in Iran would alter under the leading of a adult male that believed patriotism was yet another signifier of political and moral debasement from the West, Ayatollah Khomeini. Khomeini asserted that Iran was free to support itself, yet that patriotism if directed against other Muslim states is contrary to the baronial Qu’ran’ ( Khomeini, 1981, p.302 ) . The Persian government regarded itself as the first true Islamic State and was to construct itself up by distributing radical Islam across the Islamic universe ( Hobsbawm, 1994 p. 454 ) . Once in power the province edifice schemes of the radical government in Iran was straightforward plenty. Khomeini and the government merely stated that the autocratic nature of their government was required for them to set up and keep Iran as the world’s foremost Islamic State. Khomeini and the other Ayatollahs were non corrupt, greedy, and evil sovereign like the Shah or the male monarch of Saudi Arabia. They were non secular minded swayers like Nasser in Egypt or Saddam Hussein in Iraq. The biggest selling point of the government was non that it was autocratic but that it was the righteous regulation of the imaums that would do Iran a beacon of virtuousness throughout the Muslim universe. The government was implementing Islamic jurisprudence as it should hold ever have been implemented ( Mernissi, 1993, pp.24-25 ) . The Persian government bases its political legitimacy upon its spiritual legitimacy. The government as the defender of true Islam against the benign influence of Western broad democracy and the lip service of Islamic states no affair whether they were autocratic provinces or rentier monarchies. The Ayatollah Khomeini and his government used propaganda and censoring both as a province edifice scheme and a agencies to export the constructs of extremist Shia Islam. In a sense internal propaganda was non needed as the Persian Revolution and the government that emerged from it was what the bulk of Iranians wanted. The Iranians were glad to see the terminal of the greedy and corrupt shah’s regulation, with his unpopular efforts at modernization and secularization. The anti-American stance of the government was a successful portion of its province edifice scheme, anti-American sentiment meant that it gained popular support across the Middle East and North Africa even though the autoc ratic provinces and rentier monarchies feared the effects of the revolution ( Aburish, 1997, p.41 ) . Interrupting the links with the United States that the Shah had maintained was popular, yet no government with the spiritual and ideological mentality of Khomeini could digest such links. Any hopes that the United States may hold held of retaining those links were broken by the Tehran surety crisis. The Persian Revolution shocked many other states ; it raised frights of farther revolution, which peculiarly concerned the Americans, the Soviet Union and Iraq ( Hobsbawm, 1994, p. 453 455 ) . For the United States the loss of a friendly government in Iran was a sedate loss in military, political, and economic footings, for that government to be replaced by a extremist Islamic government intensified those loses ( Keay, 2003 p. 389 ) . It was Iraq that unwittingly gave the Persian government a encouragement for its province edifice scheme by motivating an rush in patriotism. Patriots feelings had been running high due to the revolution and the subsequent surety crisis with the United States, the Iraqi invasion of 1980 meant that every loyal Iranian supported the government, whilst for the government it further justified the remotion of the leftovers of resistance within the state. The Iraqis had expected a fleet triumph due to the convulsion caused by the Persian Revolution and the purge of the shah’s protagonists in the Persian ground forces and their replacing by the Revolutionary Guard. Given that the initial advantages that Iraq had in the ready supply of weaponries from the United States and the Soviet Union in peculiar, the Iranians did really good to drag the war on until 1989. The Persian government used the war with Iraq to speed up its province edifice scheme, Iranians were exhorted to contend on s piritual and loyal evidences, those of supporting their state, whilst get the better ofing the evil Saddam Hussein and his Sunni Muslim compatriots. The Persian government found it comparatively easy to enroll voluntaries to contend Iraq, mentioning to their dead as sufferer. The Persian government continued the war despite its homo and fiscal cost as it believed licking would destroy its province edifice scheme and even stop the government itself ( Deegan, 1996, p.204 ) . The war itself transformed the Revolutionary Guard from an unequal reserves into an effectual combat force that guaranteed the internal stableness of the radical province ( Davies, 2003, p.195 ) . By the clip the war against Iraq had finished and despite the decease of Khomeini in 1989 the province edifice scheme of radical Iran had achieved stableness. The biggest menace to its endurance could stem from its difference with the United Nations over its atomic programme ( Dean, 2004 p.22 ) . This difference is soon being used to bestir anti-American feelings in Iran, yet the government may hold to see the possibility of an American led invasion, particularly whilst President Bush remains in office. Whilst Iran is confronting economic countenances and even military onslaught, it is utilizing rhetoric for onslaughts on Israel plus suicide bomb onslaughts on Britain and the United States. Iran has declared that it has squad of self-destruction bombers available ( Sunday Times, 16 April 2006 ) . Iran has enriched U quicker than the United Nations and United States expected which merely increases their uncertainness over Persian purposes, they do non believe that Iran merely has peac eable purposes for its atomic programme ( Al-Ahram, 13 –19 April 2006 ) . The rentier monarchy chosen as a instance survey is Saudi Arabia. Arabia contains the two holiest metropoliss in Islam, Mecca and Medina ; hence, how it is ruled, and who regulations it has ever held great significance for Muslims across the Earth. Arabia’s geographical place every bit good as its spiritual position has made it the most prized plus in the Middle East and North Africa. The British successfully orchestrated Arabian rebellion against the Ottomans, which led to the formation of the Arabian land under the control of the Saud dynasty. Since so the chief province edifice schemes have revolved around holding a more conservative less extremist Islam internally, whilst being happy to advance extremist Islamic political orientation to the remainder of the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond. Such an attack may hold apparently helped the stableness of the province but it is seen as lip service by Islamic fundamentalists and is non precisely popular with the United State s who ignore it merely because they need Saudi oil ( Esposito, 1999 p. 15 ) Ibn-Saud was the first swayer of Saudi Arabia and his policies for province edifice proved extremely effectual, if non ever popular with the Saudi people. Ibn-Saud started by settling the kingdom’s boundary lines. District was lost to Iraq, yet gained from Kuwait. Ibn-Saud delegated disposal and patroling to the tribal heads, although he ensured that his ground forces was strong and effectual. Saudi Arabia’s province edifice owed a great trade to Ibn-Saud shrewdness and personal prestigiousness ( Mansfield, 2003, p.186-87 ) . The Saudi’s built up the land without upsetting Britain, which was the dominant power in the Middle East during the inter-war period ( Lewis, 1995, p.344 ) . Prior to the find of big oilfields, the Saudi monarchy was non abundantly affluent ; it had to acquire by through doing money out of the pilgrims that went to Mecca and Medina. It was the find of huge measures of oil that made the province edifice scheme successful, it brought wealth to the big royal household and paid for royal castles, plus a good equipt ground forces. Although, a strong ground forces was considered critical for province edifice, the Saudi monarchy has ever been careful to hold the backup of Britain and particularly the United States ( Akbar, 2003, xvii ) . Hand in manus with military and fiscal links with the United States, the Saudi monarchy has frequently tried to keep up to day of the month engineering as portion of its province edifice attempts. The relationship with the United States provides the Saudi monarchy with the bulk of its military equipment and is the biggest consumer of Saudi oil. Since the Gulf War of 1990-91 the Saudi government believes it has boosted its security due to the presence of American armed forces within the state. However, a strong relationship with the United States is no longer a province edifice scheme that enhances the stableness of the government. Even before the United States established bases in Saudi Arabia the Saudi government had felt the demand to hold specialist anti-terrorist units to protect the oil refineries and the royal household. Outside of Israel it has some of the best-trained units in the Middle East and North Africa ( Davies, 2003 P 163 ) . In fact the presence of United States mili tary in the Arabian heartland of Islam has prompted terrorist onslaughts on both American and Saudi marks within the land and generates internal and external resistance to the Saudi government. In many respects the Saudi government has miscalculated in leting a big American presence into their state. Ibn Saud, for case, may hold taken British and American money plus arms, yet he neer allowed any Western military bases within the land as it was beyond the picket for many Muslims to believe that Mecca and Medina could be controlled by non-Islamic provinces ( Cameron, 2003 p. 140 ) . Paradoxically the stableness of the Saudi monarchy could be the victim of one of its other province edifice schemes, the publicity of extremist Islamic motions abroad. The Saudi government has attempted the complicated reconciliation act of friendly relationships with the West, advancing itself as the defender of Islam, whilst back uping extremist motions, and advancing the Palestinian cause against Israel. These schemes are evidently contradictory in many respects, whilst maintaining good dealingss with the West and back uping those that aim to destruct Israel, a province that the United States has strongly backed since its creative activity in 1948. The Saudi government has tried to cover up its contradictory schemes through repression and censoring ; it besides tries to strip unfriendly parts of the Saudi imperativeness of any information at all ( Aburish, 1997 p. 362 ) . For the Saudi government there can be no allow up in inhibitory steps and censoring as it believes that a rela xation of its controls would rush the death of the government itself. Journalists can be detained without charge for showing positions that the government disfavors. Journalists nevertheless likely have a better opportunity of being released than ordinary Saudis ( Arab News 15/4/2006 ) The Saudi government has funded extremist Islamic groups for decennaries, particularly those stand foring the Palestinians. The Saudis besides bankrolled at assorted times other provinces in the Middle East and North Africa such as Syria and Iraq that had larger armed forces that could be used against Israel. The Saudis financed the Iraqi war attempt against Iran, as it feared the rise of extremist Shia groups in the Middle East. The publicity of extremist causes was aimed at beef uping internal and external support for the government whilst debaring unfavorable judgment of its relationship with the United States. The publicity of extremist Islamic philosophies had the consequence of escalating resist ance to the monarchy within Saudi Arabia with a inhibitory response by the government ( Akbar, 2003 p. 208 ) . The human rights record of the Saudi government is far from being the best in the Middle East and North Africa, yet it is barely criticised by the United States, although human rights misdemeanors are frequently used as an alibi to take action against more openly anti-American governments. The state of affairs over human rights demonstrates the moral corruptness and lip service of the Saudi government whilst besides demoing up American dual criterions. That is a combination that farther undermines the Saudi monarchy and strengthens anti-American feelings ( Cameron, 2002 p. 167 ) . The administration that threatens to turn over the province edifice scheme of the Saudi government is one that is led by a Saudi whose household has near links with the royal household, and has many Saudi members, Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda was amongst many of the extremist Islamic groups formed to contend against the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan. Al-Qaeda received Saudi support every bit good as American arms and preparation, although after the Soviet backdown from Afghanistan, it looked for farther struggles to contend in. Al-Qaeda respects any Islamic province or single Muslim that supports the United States as being legitimate marks for being attacked and even advocates the overthrow of governments if possible. For Al-Qaeda the presence of American forces in Saudi Arabia is the perfect stalking-horse for contending a war against the United States and the Saudi monarchy, the worst confederates in the Middle East and North Africa ( Akbar, 2003 p. 159 ) . Al-Qaeda therefore is the best illustration of how the Saudi regime’s province edifice scheme of advancing radicalism has backfired severely. The Saudi government possibly has no alternate but to go on its inhibitory internal steps and its close links with the United States. The importance of oil to the United States will intend that the Americans will go on to back up the Saudi government as it would see the remotion of the Saudi monarchy as being even more black to American involvements than the Persian Revolution ( Keay, 2003 p. 389 ) . Therefore, there are similarities and differences between the province edifice schemes of autocratic provinces and rentier monarchies in the Middle East and North Africa. Both autocratic provinces and rentier monarchies claim to set up their provinces on the footing of being Islamic provinces based on Islamic rules and ideological mentalities. Authoritarian provinces and rentier monarchies alike promote themselves as the defenders of Islam and morality and often use the defense mechanism of Islam as a stalking-horse for internal repression and censoring. In Iran both the Shah and the radical government after 1979 used the defense mechanism of Shia Islam as a province edifice scheme. The radical government could utilize that scheme more convincingly after being attacked by Iraq in 1980. The Saudi monarchy besides claims to be defender of Islam, particularly as Mecca and Medina are within its boundary lines. The shah’s government collapsed due to his efforts to modernize the sta te and the close links with the United States. The radical government has invariably shown anti-American rhetoric, which has proved popular domestically and besides in many parts of the Middle East and North Africa. The West frights Iran for its sensed combativeness and alleged support for terrorist groups. Internally the government seems secure. The biggest menace to its stableness could be the difference between itself and the United Nations and the United States over its atomic development programme. There is a strong possibility of economic countenances and military action being taken against Iran. However, the United States would happen Iran far more hard a state to suppress and get the better of than Iraq. Saudi Arabia’s stableness, like that of other rentier monarchies is surely non guaranteed. The Saudis need the Americans to vouch their security and their prosperity. However, it is the links with the United States that promote the internal and external resistance to the Saudi government. Al-Qaeda, an administration that owes so much to Saudi Arabian radicalism could keep the key to whether the Saudi monarchy survives or perishes. It would be a error to presume that the province edifice schemes of autocratic provinces and rentier monarchies have brought long-run stableness to the government. Rentier monarchies are likely somewhat more stable than autocratic provinces yet take off United States support from them, or if faced with a revolution with the same strength of the Persian Revolution and that stableness could stop overnight. The stableness of autocratic provinces depends on how good they maintain internal repression, deny any efforts at meaningful democracy and finally if they avoid struggle with each other or the United States. Bibliography Aburish S K, 1997A Brutal Friendship – the West and the Arab Elite, Indigo, London Al-Ahram Weekly online,Explosive proclamation Iran s declaration that its scientists have successfully enriched U took the West by surprise, writes Marian Houk 13 –19 April 2006 Akbar M J, 2003The Shade of Swords – Jihad and the Conflict between Islamand Christianity, Routledge, London and New York Arab News.com -Saudi journalist arrested for knocking Saudi spiritual extremism, 15/4/2006 Cameron F, 2002US Foreign Policy after the Cold War, Routledge, London and New York Choueiri Y,Islam and Fundamentalismin Eatwell A ; Wright ( 2003 )Contemporary Political Political orientations2neodymiumEdition, Continuum, London Davies B, 2003Terrorism – Inside a universe phenomenon, Virgin Books, London Dean, J W, 2004 Worse than Watergate the secret Presidency of George W. Bush, Little, Brown and Company, London Evans G A ; Newnham J, 1998The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations, Penguin, London Esposito J.L, 1999The Islamic MenaceOxford University Press, Oxford Hobsbawm E, 1994 -Age of Extremes The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991Michael Joseph, London Keay, J 2003Sowing the Wind – The Seeds of Conflict in the Middle EastJohn Murray, London Khomeini I, 1981Islam and Revolution, Mizan Press, Berkeley Lewis B, 1995The Middle East – 2000 old ages of history from the riseof Christianity to thepresent twenty-four hours, Phoenix Press, London Mansfield P, 2003A History of the Middle East 2neodymiumedition, Penguin Books, London Mernissi F, 1993Islam and Democracy – Fear of the Modern World, Virago Press, London Painter, D S, 1999The Cold War – An International History,Routledge, London Sunday Times Persian self-destruction squads ready to hit US, British marks, April 16 2006

Free Essays on La Vita E Bella

Questo film di Roberto Benigno mostra la forza dello spirito umano, anche quando la morta e sicura. L’azione succede in Italia nel mille novecento trentanove. Il personaggio principale si chiama Guido. Guido e una bella persona perche cerca sempre di fare contenti tutti quanti. Per esempio, lui aiuta sua moglie quando le parla con l’altoparlante in campo di concentrazione. Dice che l’ama e che s’incontrano nel suo sogno per andare al cinema. Quest’azione, ha fato molto contenta Dora. Lei l’ama tanto che ha deciso di andare con lui e loro figlio al campo di concentrazione. Prima del campo di concentrazione quella famiglia era molto felice. Loro avevano una libreria dove il piccolo figlio chiamato Joshua aiutava sua padre. Quando loro arrivano al campo di concentrazione, Guido cerca di divertare suo figlio. Guido persuade Joshua che il campo di concentrazione e un gioco. Il Pappa dice a Joshua che se fa tutto ch’e necessario, loro guadagnano punti. E con mille punti, loro vincono. Per esempio se Joshua sta zitto e si sconde (perche tutti i babini sono occisi in ‘gas chambers’) lui guadagna dieci punti. In tutto il film, la musica e ripetuta ma bella. In particolare, c’e una canzone che Andrea Bocceli canta e bellissima. Anche le immagini sono molto forti. All’incomincio del film, la prima volta che Guido e con Dora ci sono molti fiori, e sono molto belle. Comunque, quando arrivano al campo di concentrazione, la prima cosa che vedono sono uomini magri e ammalati in uniformi molto sporchi e rigati. Questo film era molto tristo, ma io lo raccomando a tutti quanti.... Free Essays on La Vita E Bella Free Essays on La Vita E Bella Questo film di Roberto Benigno mostra la forza dello spirito umano, anche quando la morta e sicura. L’azione succede in Italia nel mille novecento trentanove. Il personaggio principale si chiama Guido. Guido e una bella persona perche cerca sempre di fare contenti tutti quanti. Per esempio, lui aiuta sua moglie quando le parla con l’altoparlante in campo di concentrazione. Dice che l’ama e che s’incontrano nel suo sogno per andare al cinema. Quest’azione, ha fato molto contenta Dora. Lei l’ama tanto che ha deciso di andare con lui e loro figlio al campo di concentrazione. Prima del campo di concentrazione quella famiglia era molto felice. Loro avevano una libreria dove il piccolo figlio chiamato Joshua aiutava sua padre. Quando loro arrivano al campo di concentrazione, Guido cerca di divertare suo figlio. Guido persuade Joshua che il campo di concentrazione e un gioco. Il Pappa dice a Joshua che se fa tutto ch’e necessario, loro guadagnano punti. E con mille punti, loro vincono. Per esempio se Joshua sta zitto e si sconde (perche tutti i babini sono occisi in ‘gas chambers’) lui guadagna dieci punti. In tutto il film, la musica e ripetuta ma bella. In particolare, c’e una canzone che Andrea Bocceli canta e bellissima. Anche le immagini sono molto forti. All’incomincio del film, la prima volta che Guido e con Dora ci sono molti fiori, e sono molto belle. Comunque, quando arrivano al campo di concentrazione, la prima cosa che vedono sono uomini magri e ammalati in uniformi molto sporchi e rigati. Questo film era molto tristo, ma io lo raccomando a tutti quanti....

Impact of Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Industrial Revolution - Essay Example However, despite the great attention that I have accorded to the subject, I feel a bit discouraged by the score attained in the assignment previously. My understanding of assessment evaluation as such a paper is that the most important factors that are considered are together with the language competence, proper understanding of the question, the quality of the materials used as well as the ability for a student to express ideas fluently and cohesively. In my personal evaluation of the previous paper written (on impact of industrial revolution), I would reason that my command for English as the formal language of communication is unquestionable. I have a proven command in communication in language as would be justified through the excellent sentence structure, excellent spellings as well as the ability to interlink the points in a logical manner. Besides the ability to write and communicate in English, I have proven capacity to extract information from other written materials and com prehensively relate it to produce such a good flowing and informative paper as that previous paper. Among other strengths that I would be certain of are the capacity to effectively understand an examiners intentions through understanding the question. In this regard, I therefore feel that the assignment was handled effectively and perfectly to warrant a better grade than accorded. However, as it is famously said, man is to error, this position does not refute the possibility of having great weaknesses, which would explain my poor performance. Having studied in detail the question and the skills to tackle such an assignment from my teacher, I stand to be corrected on the weaknesses that I have shown in the assignment. In particular, I highly appreciated the comments from my teacher concerning my assignment. He justifies my poor performance through pointing out certain weaknesses that are portrayed in the paper in general. The comments points out to the first issue that would have led to my poor performance would have been the low quality picture used in the analysis. The picture was not clear and thus presented a problem to any person analyzing it. Besides the weakness of the picture, it was also farfetched from the core idea behind the essay. This would point out to the possibility of poor understanding of the question or task. This points to a possible weakness in my comprehension of that particular task and hence the adoption of a rather wrong approach while addressing the question posed. The comments from the teacher show that my tackling of the industrial revolution was very broad and never warranted the use of the picture as used. The referencing also fell short of expectation in that few sources are sited compared to the breadth of the topic, which would imply the application of other materials, which are not captured. This is a weakness concerning professional academic practices. It is also poor to cited the source of the picture and have the source not referenced again. These weaknesses among others led to the poor performance in the paper as shown by the lecturers comments and would therefore be attributed to personal weakness. Nevertheless, according to my opinion, my weakness is not wholly on poor understanding of the question posed but on the centrally the weakness is in having much of the information I want to write but fail to appropriately present it.

The Service Blueprints to Determine the Services Level Essay

The Service Blueprints to Determine the Services Level - Essay Example The fundamental concept of marketing that is used to model the service marketing involves the philosophy of customer orientation. In this case, the customer is considered to be useful in determining what the organization’s activities are and their purpose in life. The principle states that all activities carried out within an organization are basically for the good and benefit of the customers.The philosophy of service marketing involves taking into consideration the interests of the customers, maximizing and satisfying their needs and wants. The purpose of service marketing is to generate profits that can enable the company to run its operations in the right manner. The blueprint of a service is based on facts such as illustrating the actions and time involved when undertaking different actions of service for an individual or an organization. The actions involved in service delivery have an execution time that is allocated to it in order to enhance a certain level of toleranc e within an organization.This process entails the determination of the customers’ needs and later on looks for factors aimed at ensuring that the internal objectives of a business are met within a stipulated period of time. It also involves describing the activities that are used to design and manage services such as schedule, project plans, detailed representations, design plans and service platforms for an organization.The importance of the process in the marketing mix is that it determines how a service should be created and how it will be delivered to the customer to meet their needs and requirements. The major characteristics of the service process in the marketing mix include divergence, complexity, service location, customer participation as well as the service itself which may be technology or process based.

THE GLOBALIZATION OF PRODUCTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

THE GLOBALIZATION OF PRODUCTION - Essay Example In fact globalization, in the sense of participation of the world communities in exchange of culture, thoughts, theory, and trade has been there for several centuries. Yet the concept of globalization has undergone radical changes in the past century. Now it stands for something more than just the diffusion and osmosis of the economic, social, and political theories, practices, and technologies. Now every country is as much part of globalization as globalization has become a part of every country. Globalization is as much a universal phenomenon as it is an internal phenomenon. It is not only the exchange of knowledge or adoption of better technologies. The meaning of globalization is not only limited to the idea of modernization or imitating a certain culture or practice. Globalization in itself has become a culture in its own rights and it has managed to bring the world closer. Now events happening at a distant geography are part of the local affair of the people. The development of technology has paved the way for this massive spread of cultural and economic activity. The amount and nature of interaction has changed fundamentally in the past century due to the rapid technological advancement that the world has seen. There has been an immense development in the world of technologies. Transport and logistics have developed substantially. The modes of communication have become extremely complex yet the diversity and speed that has been achieved was beyond imagination for the past generations. The entire world has come under a single network, which has facilitated social and cultural exchange, political interaction, and economic participation to a large extent (Globalization, n.d.). Free trade as a mode of development has gained wide popularity in the context of globalization and the volume of trade in the world is huge. The global market has become a very important force for the economic development of any country and all the countries is in the world are expose d to a certain extent or the other to the climate of the global market. The global markets have a tremendous influence on the financial status and the economic policies of a country. Therefore the sovereign states have to consider the global scenario during the construction of their economic plans. The emergence of advanced transport and communication system has revolutionized the factor markets. The factors of production are now able to transcend the geographical and political borders of a country at ease. This has made the nations follow the terms of the global markets and the supremacy of the nation states has given way to the domination of a handful of enterprises called the transnational corporations. Globalization has also led to the transformation of the multinational corporations to transnational corporations. These transnational corporations have become one of the major players of the global economy. They control a large chunk of the global markets. However their management and capital are not tied to any country. They are managed internationally, from various parts of the world wherever they have a location advantage. Similarly they can also shift their capital and other factors to places where they can have a factor market advantage. Therefore their production and marketing strategies adopt a global perspective. The transnational corporations therefore cater to the global market by operating globally.

Scientific Revolution And Secularism

Scientific Revolution And Secularism In the 17th century, Europe had undergone a drastic change in science, philosophy and politics. With new innovations in science, the world began to demystify and doubts began to disappear as new discoveries were being accomplished and questions about the anatomy, evolution and mankind were being answered. The Scientific Revolution was an indirect cause of the growth of secularism in Western Europe during the 17th century. Scientists attempted to address issues of humanity and the universe, furthermore through new discoveries they challenged preconceived notions. Galileo Galilei, William Harvey and Sir Isaac Newton were among the many scientists who, through experimentation and analysis, arrived at some of the most important scientific developments in history. Galileo Galilei was an astronomer and a physicist, born in Pisa, Italy and studied at the University of Pisa. He accumulated mathematical and scientific evidence to support the theories Copernicus held of a heliocentric universe, a theory which defied the Church and went against Aristotles theory of destiny and a divine plan. Galileo started performing controlled experiments such as rolling balls down slopes and measuring their speeds, he showed that motion could be described mathematically (Newman, 2002, p.72). Galileos physical experimentation had liberated people from confinement of religion and had initiated questioning of the Churchs views. His findings had influenced such philosophers as Locke, Machiavelli and Hobbes who had composed modernistic theories of humans and governments which had little to no room for religion and opinions of the Church. Galileo had challenged three major aspects of the Churchs beliefs, one being that there is unification between celestial and terrest rial mechanics and that the universe is subject to change. The second being his mathematical approach to reasoning which was in sharp contrast to divine revelation as the source of truth and the Church as authority of judgment. Galileos last aspect that challenged the beliefs of the Church was his support of the heliocentric cosmology, essentially diminishing the geocentric worldview of importance of humans and the idea of scattered stars with no pattern (Ardent, 2004). By remodeling the telescope, Galileo had since allowed people to visualize and experience these scientific discoveries. He disproved many long-held assumptions made by the Catholic Church during his time, and through his experimentations encouraged a new train of thought which in turn resulted in the beginning of secularism. Similar to Galileo, William Harvey had made significant discoveries which contrasted the views of the Church. Harvey was an English physician who was not satisfied with divine power as an explanation for the workings of the human body (Newman, 2002, p.73). His discoveries in human anatomy were one of the most significant achievements in physiology and medicine in the 17th century, but his work had opposed the Creation Story, which led to skepticism of the Bible. Harvey had made the discovery that humans and animals only had a limited amount of blood by cutting open the vein of an animal and allowing it to pour out (Bhatia, 2010). This was considerably different from the previous thought of blood being a natural spirit where it flowed out to vital spirits in the heart and animal spirits in the brain (Bhatia, 2010). Harvey did not burden himself with these theories but took it upon himself to solve the mysteries of the human body, separating fact from fiction and eluding the beliefs of the Catholic Church. Distinguishing that the heart was a pump and not a filtration plant where blood simply just passes through (Newman, 2002, p.74) had created a whole new way of thinking, people now knew how the heart worked and were beginning to doubt the thought of a divine plan and God creating humans, which brought about thoughts of evolution. In 1642, Sir Isaac Newton combined the knowledge of Galileo and Harvey, along with his own, to create yet another breakthrough in science which resulted in the growth of secularism. Newton accurately described the movements of objects in the solar system and how they move under the influence of universal gravitation (Bhatia, 2010). Newton had further influenced secularism by his discoveries in science, his Three Laws of Motion stated: if no force acts on an object, it will remain at rest or maintain its constant motion in a straight line every change of motion or acceleration is proportional to the force that caused the change and inversely proportional to the objects mass for every action force, there is no equal reaction force in the opposite direction. (Newman, 2002, p.73). These Three Laws of Motion had allowed people to make sense of their actions and the actions of the objects they use on a daily basis. Newton had explained things with concrete evidence, along with certain things that had only been explained in biblical texts which allowed more of a separation between government and religion. Science and technology having liberated men from the superstitions of religion, now guaranteed continuous process. (Genovese, 1997). He showed that God does not make everything happen, which caused people to stray from the belief of divine power and use science as a way of explaining the world. Newtons scientific enhancement, along with the works of Harvey on human anatomy and Galileo in astronomy and the universe, had truly boosted the growth of secularism in the 17th century. Through scientific analysis, these three scientists created new thoughts and theories that challenged the assumptions of mankind made by the Catholic Church. It was the beginning of a new era of thinking, an era where evolution of mankind and the universe were proved with scientific evidence and not holy texts. The Scientific Revolution had significantly affected the growth of secularism in the 17th century and has continued to affect secularism in the 21st century, as people still question and doubt Gods existence, faith and religion.

Barbarians at the Gate :: Business Management Studies

Barbarians at the Gate Barbarians at the Gate is a story of the largest takeover in Wall Street history. Ross Johnson turned CEO of a company, which was the product of three merged companies, Standard Brands, RJ Reynolds, and National Biscuit Company (Nabisco). The newly formed company’s, called RJR Nabisco, stock began to fall and never recover. Johnson along with Shearson executives planned a leverage buyout (LBO), in which a brokerage firm (Shearson) would borrow money from banks and buy up all the outstanding shares from the stockholders to turn the company private. The problem with this is that the company would be put into jeopardy of other companies that can outbid the parent company, which would lead to a takeover. The higher the bid would lead to a bigger debt and lesser profits for the owners of the firm. One of the six accounting principles that was discussed in the book was the expense principle, which helps determine performance of a company by measuring the outflows and inflows of resources. The matching principle guides the recognition of expenses, so good matching will ultimately lead to a better measure of performance. When KKR exercised due diligence of RJR Reynolds, they could not figure out â€Å"other uses of cash† in the statements obtained. â€Å"The initial projections they had obtained from RJR Nabisco was a heading ‘other uses of cash.’ Beside it was a row of figures stretching out ten years, each year ranging from 300 to 500 million dollars. Was it cash flowing in or out? Should he add it? Subtract it? Ignore it?† (Barbarians 369).

Does Marketing Sharp the Needs and Wants of Customers or Reflect the Needs and Wants of Customers

Since as we knew marketing came to people’s life in the 1950s and 1960s. With the rapid improvement in marketing, there is an strong argument, which is marketing shapes the needs and wants or marketing reflects the needs and wants of customers. People used to define that marketing is selling goods which people do not really need. However, marketing concept defined as â€Å"achieving organizational goals depend on determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors† (kotler, 2008). International markets are always changing. Facing the challenges of globalization of markets, the economy of regionalization and transnational business, business operators face a fierce competition in the market. They must establish the correct concept of marketing, a rapid and flexible response mechanism. Marketing is a key factor for business success. Achieving good performance businesses are all based on marketing for their own development-oriented. Marketing concept requires enterprises to adopt a consumer-centric approach, the production and sale of the reality that meet customer needs and potential needs of the goods, and to evaluate whether the enterprise to achieve customer satisfaction as the level of marketing standards. Marketing is to meet the needs of the people, meeting needs and desires of customer is the starting point of marketing. (Schmitt, 2001) The purpose of marketing is to satisfy needs of customers. In the highly competitive market, how to build competitive advantage is the key to success. Modern marketing concept that is the key to achieving organizational goals, correctly determine the target market's needs and desires. Moreover, they can supply and provide desired satisfaction more effectively than competitors. Company must establish and maintain long-term stakeholders, especially the good relations with customers. The reasons for who agree that Marketing shapes needs and wants of customers Marketing should identify those needs and wants which customers do not request. But company should go farther than customers, the customer is short-sighted. This is a competition-oriented marketing approach, which requires companies in marketing activities, must be constantly on the product and other factors that affect the marketing performance of innovation or improvement to be substantial. In order to ensure that customers will not flow to other companies. Sony is an example of creation of marketing, because it successfully into the customer has not asked or even thought of the many new products: music players, video recorders, video cameras, optical drives, etc. Sony is market-driven company. Create marketing is a customer-oriented, more competitive and technology oriented. They assume that the needs of customers may be potential. beyond the customer-oriented, is the business from their own core competencies, development strategy and competition and other constraint conditions. It is not only to meet customer needs, more important is the ability to create customer demands, which enable enterprises to survive and development of business ideas. Enterprises get rid of the intense competition in product homogeneity, not only in product quality, technological innovation and the development of marketable varieties, but also pay more attention to the potential demand of its target consumers, often insight into consumer psychology and their the tendency of consumption habits, research, analysis of consumption trends and spending power and tap their potential, the demand unnoticed to adapt to consumer demand based on the constant induction, be inspired, and quickly meet the new demands it. Marketing is not a creation of the creation of the blind, but on the basis of full investigation needs to target consumers based on the creation of psychology is to create and use of effective marketing strategies to start a potential combination. Greater profit margins of market segments, and create customer-oriented marketing concept that does not necessarily lead to customer satisfaction and loyalty, such as novelty in the novelty under the control of consumer psychology. Customer-oriented enterprises may lose industry insight, so that enterprises can take the lead in the future. Otherwise, the enterprise may loss the insight of market, because customers are often short-sighted Reasons for who agree with that marketing reflects needs and wants of customers It is is customer-oriented marketing philosophy. They assume that demand of consumer is realistic and clear. As people's living standards improve, people's demand for diversified and personalized directions. To be able to satisfy customers, enterprise must clearly recognize the needs of customers to produce marketable products. They need to be more timely and effective to meet those needs than competitors. Drucker,2005) The purpose of marketing is to make selling superfluous, marketing aimed at a profound knowledge and understanding of the customer, so that the product or service perfectly suited to people’s needs and the it will change selling products into sales by products themselves. My personal opinion of this argument No matter we consider that marketing reflects the needs and wants or shapes t he needs and wants of customers. The hypostasis of them is same, which in order to meet the needs of customers, achieve the objectives of company and improve values of customers. In addition, customer’s needs can be divided into potential needs and dominant needs. The primary thing for marketer is to recognize the real needs of customers, then develop appropriate strategies come to influence the production process. As market competition intensifies, customers for the homogenization of the products showed a fatigued, the innovation is the proper guide and a tool to meet customer demand. To sum up, there are just two different interpretations. The purpose is to define and handle the relationship between enterprises and customers. To be win-win situation is the final target. References: Drucker, P,2005, â€Å"Relationship marketing in consumer markets†,accessed 12/03/2011, http://www. boxingzhuoyue. com/ziyuan/shichang/343. html Kotler, P,Adam,S ,Denize,S;Armsrong,G 2008,Principles of Marketing,Frenchs Forest, Australia Schmitt, B 2001, â€Å"Experiential marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act, and relate to your company and brands†, accessed 12/03/2011, http://books. google. com. au/books? hl=zh-CN;lr=;id=d6TsNYeb1lUC;oi=fnd;pg=PR13;dq=marketing+shapes+customers+needs;ots=1dmyDRBAAV;sig=Sh11ccbodeJyycqaICtrCXA7Guc#v=onepage;q;f=false

National Lampoon essays

National Lampoon essays National lampoon? vacation would certainly stand up as one of the funniest classic rode trip movies in 80?. Canny scripts and superb performances of characters made this film one of the best rode trip movie. Everything just happens all of sudden in this film. From the beginning until they reach their destination, which is Wally World, all kinds of hilarious incidents happens spontaneously without anyone predicted. And all these spontaneities make this film even better and people love it. But it is indeed painful to watch the hapless Clark fumble his way through the series of disasters that happen to him on his vacation. Clark is a patriarch of a stereotypical American family who decided to take his wife, son, and daughter to an amusement park in California from Chicago. Along the way, they have to contend with a trip to their cousins and end up dragging odd old aunt along for the ride. Clark and his family all get stuck with the task of carrying the irritating aunt. What the family does in order to get her home is one of the highlights of the movie. Clark straps the dead aunt to the roof of the car, and leaves the corpse in front of the empty house in the hard rains. But nothing could be compared to what happens to her little dog. It is so hilarious when Clark tries to explain about the dog being dragged behind the car. When they finally get into Arizona through all those incidents, they, again, get lost in the middle of the desert and crashed their car. And when they visit another hotel and Clark sees a beautiful woman, who flirts with him in the film, again and here comes the funniest part in the whole film. Clark has a hilarious outburst while his wife, the kids, and all the people in the hotel look on him with amazement. They finally make it to Wally World, and as we predicted for something to be happened, it has closed for constructions. Clark couldn? just disappoint his wife and the kids, so he decided t...

Dawned vs. Donned

Dawned vs. Donned Dawned vs. Donned Dawned vs. Donned By Guest Author This is a guest post by Shelley DuPont. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here.    Did you ever think you knew the lyrics to a song, only to find out later they were nothing like you thought?   I know I have. Editor’s note: There’s a word for this kind of mishearing: mondegreen, â€Å"a misunderstood or misinterpreted word or phrase resulting from a mishearing, esp. of the lyrics to a song.† Sometimes a writer who has misunderstood an expression passes it on to the reader, with unintended results. For example, I came across a guest post on how conversations can lead indirectly to gaining more business for yourself.   Anticipating a great article, I eagerly started reading. Right at the end of the introductory paragraph, I saw it. It hit me like a small flaw on an expensive piece of clothing:   It donned on me The context called for it dawned on me, meaning I understood, I became aware of. Wanting to reassure myself that I hadnt been mistaken in my own understanding of the idiom, I googled the phrase as the author used it.   There it was at the top of the page. Google was asking, Do you mean It dawned on me?' Yes! Yes! I said with some relief.   But this still didnt answer the question as to why the author chose to use donned as the verb.    Used figuratively, the verb to dawn means â€Å"to begin to appear or become visible† in the sense of mental enlightenment or awareness.   If something dawns on you, then a new understanding has come your way.   This use seems fairly obvious, especially within the context of the article.   The verb to don, on the other hand, means to put on clothing, or, in a figurative sense, to assume, or to get into.   For example, a recent headline taken from the New York Times entertainment page reads, Amanda Seyfried likely to don â€Å"Red Riding Hood† I suppose the author could have done it deliberately. I did discover a website named itdonnedonme that focuses on competitive 24 hour film making. But the blog title is a deliberate pun on the expression it dawned on me and the blog owner’s name: Evan Donn. The context of the article I was trying to read definitely called for â€Å"dawned.† Maybe the error arose from the writer’s pronunciation of the words dawn and don. dawn [dà ´n] rhymes with lawn, yawn and aw (as in â€Å"Aw, shucks!) don [dÃ… n] rhymes with on, con and Ron At this point, I can only conclude that the author, like those of us singing the wrong words for years, has simply mixed up â€Å"dawn† and â€Å"don.†   By the way, it just dawned on me that I never did finish reading that article. Shelley DuPont is a former high school English teacher who blogs for local business owners. She actively tutors online ESL students, freelance writes, and paints. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†Story Writing 101Double Possessive

Is it ethical to hire illegal immigrants in Hospitality Industry Essay

Is it ethical to hire illegal immigrants in Hospitality Industry - Essay Example But it is becoming more important now with the population topping 300 million and concerns f illegal immigration becoming a hot issue. Legal immigrants are far more accepted in the country than immigrants who enter the country illegally across the borders or water barriers. But like most concerns the nation is facing, illegal immigration has both upsides and downsides to the issue. Being a legal immigrant is a much smoother road than entering the nation illegally. Many legal immigrants enter this country to take advantage f job opportunities that are not available in their home country or to further their education at our Universities. A large number f them are employed in the hospitability industry. In fact, with each new generation f recent immigrants the average education has been rising. Legal immigrants entering the U.S. with a degree past High School is increasing. This means these people are not coming to America in search f an unskilled position such as a manual laborer or minimum wage cashier, they will be filling positions higher up in companies that may be in need f someone with these types f postgraduate educations. This also implies that these people are motivated and ready to adapt to any type f occupational environment they have been educated in. These legal immigrants want to work and want to provide a better life for themselves, their family, and the next generation to come. They like to work in hotels and restaurants because they find a good environment there especially those are studying. Studies also show that the first and second generations f immigrants do better in school than their American native counterparts and get more education-related awards. (RapidImmigration.com) With all f these advantages in education that legal immigrants bring, it seems that they will do their part in furthering the growth and evolution f America and its economy. Illegal immigrants, on the other hand, usually do not have most f the immediately visible advantages that legal immigrants possess. Here in the U.S. we get many f our illegal immigrants crossing the border from Mexico to the United States or coming to our country from Cuba. An estimated 700,000 immigrants enter the United States illegally every year. Many f them are undereducated; in fact 67% f the illegal immigrant populations that enter the U.S. have less than a High School education.(Wikipedia.com) Since these immigrants are undereducated they usually end up with jobs in that involve unskilled manual labor and will work for fewer wages than Americans. This has recently brought the issue f illegal immigration to the front f many political debates. With 12-20 million illegal aliens residing in the United States today, many politicians and lawmakers considered amnesty and employer sanctions as options to deal with the problem. Amnesty has been used in the past. The United States passed the Immigration Reform Control Act in 1986 which granted amnesty to over 2.25 million illegal immigrants employed in the U.S., along with employer sanctions and better border enforcement. (Djajic, Slobodan P. 605) Since they were employed, policy-makers at the time felt that they should at least make them citizens so that they can pay taxes on their income. But it does seem to send a contradictory message when at the same time you make laws that punish employers for hiring the illegal immig

Corrections and community justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corrections and community justice - Essay Example The warrant is served to the suspect verbally, and a copy given to him and arrest follows. Customarily, the suspect is arraigned before a judge a day or two following the issue of the warrant. Defense attorney represents the suspect, while the solicitor represents the state. The preliminary hearing involves submission of facts of the case and the determination by the judge, if the case can proceed to trial. At the plea stage, which follows preliminary hearings, the suspect is formally charged. The second hearing is conducted in front of grand jury, consisting of eighteen natives after which a trial is held either before a judge and the jury, or before a judge only. If a â€Å"guilty† plea is arrived at, the judge passes a sentence on the accused, but in cases dealing with death penalties, the jury is mandated to pass the sentence. In a criminal court, the government (the plaintiff) institutes a suit against a person(s) suspected of going against the law. There should be certainty for a â€Å"guilty† verdict to be passed. On the other hand, in a contemporary court, an individual (plaintiff) institutes legal proceedings against another (defendant). Reasonable doubt is never a